There are literally thousands of studies, press releases and other references presented by qualified scientific sources pertaining to the safety of dental amalgam.  The following are only a few of them.  Some are provided along with hyperlinks to the study or statement pertaining to them.  Others are obtainable by writing, phoning or emailing the organization concerned and requesting the cited material. 

• Review and Analysis of the Literature Of The Potential Health Effects Of Dental Amalgams.  Life Sciences Review Office.  Press Release 12/09/2004.  Executive Summary at www.lsro.org  http://www.lsro.org/presentation_files/amalgam/amalgam_pressrelease.pdf  

• “Report upholds amalgam.” Mark Berthold  ADA News Today.  Posted 12/09/2004.  www.ada.org/prof/resources/pubs/adanews/adanewsarticle.asp?articleid=1186

•  Direct and indirect restorative materials.  Council on Scientific Affairs.  JADA 2003 April; 134: 463-72.

•  ADA Statement on Dental Amalgam.  Revised January 8, 2002. Downloaded 8/4/2004

http://www.ada.org/prof/resources/positions/statements/amalgam.asp.

• Consumer Update: Dental Amalgams.  Updated 12/31/2002. US Food and Drug Administration,  Center for Devices and Radiological Health.  www.fda.gov/cdrh/consumer/amalgams.html

•  “Don’t replace sound dental restorations.” Irwin D. Mandel.  Consumer Reports on Health.  2001 June: 11.

• “Organizations, government agencies agree on amalgam safety issues.”  ADA News 2001 July 16; 32(13): 18.

• Dental Amalgam: Update on Safety Concerns.  Council on Scientific Affairs.   JADA 1998 April; 129: 494-503.

•  WHO Consensus Statement on Dental Amalgam.  FDI World Dental Federation.  September 1997.  http://www.fdiworldental.org/federation/assets/statements/ENGLISH/Amalgam/Dental_Amalgam.pdf  Downloaded 6/6/2005.

• AADR Policy statement on dental amalgam restorations.  AADR Reports.  September 1996.

• Health Canada Position Statement on Dental Amalgam: A  Response by the Council on Scientific Affairs.   American Dental Association.  September 20, 1996.

•  The benefits and risks of dental amalgam: current findings reviewed. Corbin SB, Kohn WG.  JADA 1994 April; 125: 381-88.

•  HHS News.  [Public Health Service Report on dental amalgam.]  January 21, 1993.

•  Dental Restorative Materials Are Effective And Safe Says NIH Panel.  Consensus Development Conferences.  August 28, 1991.

•  The mercury in your mouth.  Consumer Reports.  May 1991.

•  FDA Panel Considers Safety of Dental Amalgams.  Talk Paper.  Food and Drug Administration.  March 20, 1991.

•  Patch tests for sensitivity to mercury or nickel.  JADA 1984; 108: 381.

•  ADA Council on Scientific Affairs June 2005

• Review and Analysis of the Literature on the Potential Adverse Effects Health Effects of Dental Amalgam.  Prepared for the Trans-agency Working Group on the Health Effects of Dental Amalgam US Dept of Health and Human Services.  Rockville, Maryland: Life Sciences Research Office, July 2004.

• Amalgam to Tooth Colored Materials – Implications for Clinical Practice and Dental Education.  Special Issue Section.  Journal of Dentistry 2004 July; 32(5): 341-84. 

• Management Alternatives for the Carious Lesion.  Operative Dentistry 2001; 26 (Supplement 6): 1-241. 

• Dental Amalgam.  A report with reference to the Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EEC from the Ad Hoc Working Group mandated by DGIII of the European Commission.  1998.

• Dental Filling Materials; Hazards to Patients and to Environment?  Symposium held at the 3^rd Joint Annual Meeting of the Continental European Division and the Scandinavian Division (NOF) of the International Association for Dental Reseaerch September 1996, Berlin, Germany.  G Schmalz, D Arenholt-Bindslev (editors).  European J Oral Sci 1998 April; 106(2, Part II): 675-720.  

• Dental Amalgam and Alternative Restorative Materials.  An update Report to the Environmental Health Policy Committee, From the Working Group on Dental Amalgam.  October 1997. http://web.health.gov/environment/amalgam2/Contents.html

• Dental Amalgam and Alternative Direct Restorative Materials.  IA Mjor, GN Pakhomov (editors).  Oral Health Division of Noncommunicable Diseases.   Geneva: World Health Organization, 1997. 

• Dental Amalgam and Human Health – Current Situation.  Prepared for the New Zealand Ministry of Health.  TW Cutress; ME Godfrey, JH Miller, RE Whyman.  30 June 1997. 

• The Safety of Dental Amalgam: A State of the Art Review.  Conseil d’Evaluation des Technologies de la Sante du Quebec.  April 1997. 

• Status Quo and perspectives of amalgam and other dental materials: International Symposium proceedings.  LT Friberg, GN Schrauzer (editors).  New York, Thieme, 1995.  141 pages. 

• Dental Amalgam: A Scientific Review and Recommended Public Health Service Strategy for Research, Education and Regulation.  Final Report of the Subcommittee on Risk Management of the Committee to Coordinate Environmental Health and Related Programs Public Health Service.  US DHHS; Public Health Service.  January 1993.  http://web.health.gov/environment/amalgam1/ct.htm

• American Dental Association's Comments on FDA's Proposed Rule and Special Control Guidance on Dental Amalgam Products http://www.ada.org/prof/resources/positions/statements/statements_amalgam_fda.pdf

• Neuropsychological and renal effects of dental amalgam in children: a randomized clinical trial.  Journal of American Medical Association, April 2006 

  Mercury

•  Mercury.  Toxicological Profile.  Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.  www.atsdr.cdc.gov  

• Global Mercury Assessment report.  UNEP (United Nations Environmental Progam).   http://www.chem.unep.ch/mercury/Report/Assessment%20report.htm 

• Mercury Study - Report to Congress.  US Environmental Protection Administration.  December 1997.  8 volumes.www.epa.gov/mercury/report.htm

•  Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliment.  Community Strategy Concerning Mercury.  Brussels, 28.01.2005.  COM(2005) 20 final. 

Copyright 2000 Martin S. Spiller, D.M.D.

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